Theres a berry farming island on Poke Pelago which you can develop. It's called Isles Aplenny
First stage lets you plant 6 berries, Second lets you plant 12 berries, and Third lets you plant 18 berries. The time it takes to grow is dependent on what berry you plant tho, however each plant harvests about 6 berries on stage 1, 10 on stage 2, and 15 on stage 3.
I dont think theres any other place to grow berries in game otherwise.